It’s decided: decisive people no more accurate than self-doubters
Source, PLOS One, Published: June 1, 2022 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268501, Wojciech Zajkowski, Maksymilian Bielecki, Magdalena Marszał-Wiśniewska: Are you confident enough to act? Individual differences in action control are associated with post-decisional metacognitive bias – “The art of making good choices and being consistent in executing them is essential for having a successful and fulfilling life. Individual differences in action control are believed to have a crucial impact on how we make choices and whether we put them in action. Action-oriented people are more decisive, flexible and likely to implement their intentions in the face of adversity. In contrast, state-oriented people often struggle to commit to their choices and end up second-guessing themselves. Here, we employ a model-based computational approach to study the underlying cognitive differences between action and state-oriented people in simple binary-choice decision tasks. In Experiment 1 we show that there is little-to-no evidence that the two groups differ in terms of decision-related parameters and strong evidence for differences in metacognitive bias. Action-oriented people exhibit greater confidence in the correctness of their choices as well as slightly elevated judgement sensitivity, although no differences in performance are present. In Experiment 2 we replicate this effect and show that the confidence gap generalizes to value-based decisions, widens as a function of difficulty and is independent of deliberation interval. Furthermore, allowing more time for confidence deliberation indicated that state-oriented people focus more strongly on external features of choice. We propose that a positive confidence bias, coupled with appropriate metacognitive sensitivity, might be crucial for the successful realization of intentions in many real-life situations. More generally, our study provides an example of how modelling latent cognitive processes can bring meaningful insight into the study of individual differences.”
Garon, Jon M., Legal Implications of a Ubiquitous Metaverse and a Web3 Future (January 3, 2022). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4002551 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4002551
“The metaverse is understood to be an immersive virtual world serving as the locus for all forms of work, education, and entertainment experiences. Depicted in books, movies, and games, the metaverse has the potential not just to supplement real-world experiences but to substantially supplant them.
This article explores the rapid emergence and evolution of the Web3 technologies at the heart of the metaverse movement.
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