Saturday, July 11, 2026

The End of Reading Is Here

 

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The End of Reading Is Here

The Atlantic Gift Article – Optimists once believed that universal literacy was inevitable. Now it seems that the age of reading might be a short anomaly in human historyTwenty-three hundred years ago, the legend goes, King Ptolemy I of Egypt asked his court adviser to assemble a comprehensive collection of the world’s written works. 

Ptolemy, who had served under Alexander the Great, envisioned a library that would safeguard the sum total of humanity’s knowledge. His successors inherited this mandate. Royal forces ransacked every ship that arrived at Alexandria, searching for scrolls. These were stored at the Mouseion, a shrine to the Muses modeled after Aristotle’s Lyceum. Aristotle’s own book collection was said to be among the holdings. Much of the history of the Library of Alexandria has been lost. 

But we know that it was the site of many of the premodern world’s greatest intellectual achievements. The king paid scholars to live and work in the library, and the collection was available to anyone “eager to study, an encouragement for the entire city to gain wisdom,” a visiting Greek rhetorician wrote. It was at the library that Eratosthenes calculated Earth’s circumference and Zenodotus edited the earliest manuscripts of Homer’s epics. Euclid, who wrote the Elements of geometry, may have studied there as well. This run of scholarship would not last. By 400 C.E., the library had disappeared. 

Many scholars regard its destruction as the greatest loss of knowledge in history and the beginning of the Dark Ages. Historians have spent centuries parsing fragments of papyrus in an effort to understand what went wrong. Traditionally, the answer was believed to be war. During the Siege of Alexandria, in 48 B.C.E., Julius Caesar started a fire that incinerated at least 40,000 scrolls. The library survived in diminished form until the fourth century C.E., when followers of the archbishop of Alexandria sacked the pagan temple that housed the remaining manuscripts. But contemporary historians tend to dismiss the importance of these dramatic incidents in favor of a more mundane cause of death: negligence. Maintaining the collection was an enormous expense. 

Humidity, mice, and insects slowly ate away at the papyrus scrolls. Scribes had to continually copy old texts before they deteriorated and became illegible. Eventually, the challenges of maintaining the library became greater than the will to preserve it. “It is not that the disappearance of a library led to a dark age, nor that its survival would have improved those ages,” the classics scholar Roger Bagnall has written. The fact that the library was allowed to die showed that the dark age had already arrived.

Some 2,000 years later, under very different circumstances, the darkness is gathering again. Americans, once members of a proudly literate society, read much less than they used to. According to the National Endowment for the Arts, which conducts the most comprehensive survey of the nation’s reading habits, fewer than half of all adults reported having read a book of any kind in 2022. Only 38 percent read a novel or short story. A study analyzing 236,000 responses to the American Time Use Survey found that the proportion of Americans who read for pleasure on any given day fell from 28 percent in 2004 to 16 percent in 2023. (The study looked at people who had read a book, magazine, or newspaper; listened to an audiobook; or read an e-book.) Gambling has become a more common leisure activity than reading a book: Last year, 57 percent of Americans placed a bet. The decline in reading cuts across age groups, gender, and education levels. Even the demographics that traditionally read the most—retirees, women, and college graduates—have seen a collapse. The books that people do read are simpler than they used to be. New York Times best sellers today have sentences that are about one-third shorter than they were a century ago. Longer sentences aren’t inherently better. But their former ubiquity suggests an age when Americans had the inclination and ability to read serious works of literature. In 1958, the English translation of Boris Pasternak’s Doctor Zhivagowas the best-selling novel of the year, according to Publishers Weekly. Pasternak writes in long, complex sentences: “On that warm gray morning in the mountains, Zhivago felt sorry for the Tsar, was disturbed at the thought that such diffident reserve and shyness could be the essential characteristics of an oppressor, that a man so weak could imprison, hang, or pardon.” Americans also get much less of their news through reading than they once did. In 1975, about half of 20-somethings said they read the newspaper every day. Today less than 10 percent do. Most Americans now get the news on their phones and laptops, and 40 percent say they prefer to watch or listen to online news rather than read it…”

Let’s Chill Out About Our Sleep Habits

 “Many of us think we should be sleeping at least eight hours a night, but the evidence for that is shakier than we might assume,” Ryan McCormick, a primary care physician, writes.

Let’s Chill Out About Our Sleep Habits


A consistent finding in sleep epidemiology studies is that there is not a magic number below which health suddenly falls off a cliff. Rather, studies that show an association between sleep duration and mortality often find that the lowest risk clusters around seven hours. Risk rises both with not enough sleep and with too much sleep. In fact, a meta-analysis of sleep studies published in the journal Scientific Reports found that the adults with the highest mortality rates were those who slept nine to 11 hours a night. Notably, while risk rose with short sleep, the studydid not find much difference in all-cause mortality between six and seven hours a night. While the data is inconsistent and there are some exceptions, several other studies have reached similar conclusions.

Does that mean that getting nine hours of sleep is dangerous? No. The reason that sleeping for a long time is linked to higher mortality is that, on average, people who are sick sleep more. So do many people who are struggling with depression and its mixed influences upon sleep. Once we account for reverse causation, the risk of too much sleep almost disappears.

But that cuts the other way as well: The data show that getting less sleep is strongly correlated with living in poverty, working a job that requires night shifts, psychiatric conditions and chronic pain and illness. At least one study found that when researchers adjust aggressively for such variables, associations weakened substantially.

Sleep quality and the regularity of the routine may matter more than duration. A consistent, good-quality 6.5 hours a night, in which you go to bed around the same time every evening, probably carries less risk than a fragmented, anxious eight-hour routine or a pattern in which sleep varies wildly night to night.

Dr. Michael Perlis, director of behavioral sleep medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, acknowledges that the standard medical recommendation of getting seven to nine hours works for many people but “nowhere near all.” That’s because it “doesn’t take into account sex, age, typical duration of the individual’s wake period, amount of mental and physical expenditure per day, health and basal sleep need,” he told me.


Modern wellness culture tells a story of people increasingly missing their sleep numbers, but the data on whether we are in fact sleeping less than we did 50 years ago is mixed. Studies vary based on how sleep is measured. One survey showed a mild decrease in average self-reported sleep time, dropping by 13 minutes over 27 years. Others find an increase or no change at all.


Some historians believe that before widespread electric lighting allowed us to be up all hours, humans most likely spent more time in bed. But those hours may have been less rigidly consolidated, with greater seasonal variation and more segmented patterns — perhaps an hour or so in the middle of the night to pray, read, talk or do quiet tasks.


In fact, the Hadza people of Tanzania, a group of nomadic hunter-gatherers, sleep an average of 6.25 hours per night. Although in bed for up to nine hours, the Hadza are routinely awake for two or more hours during that window.

All of this is not to undermine sleep as a powerful and healthy habit. Sleep improves performance on tasks, makes driving safer and buoys our mental health. Adequate sleep leads to a stronger immune system, better metabolic and cardiovascular health, and more reliable physical energy throughout the day.


One of the most concerning findings about not getting enough sleep comes from the Whitehall II study, which found that persistent short sleep duration (defined as less than six hours) at ages 50, 60 and 70 was associated with a 30 percent increased dementia risk compared to normal sleep duration (defined as seven hours). However, it remains unclear whether abnormal sleep is a causal risk factor or an early symptom of cognitive decline. The evolving consensus points toward a vicious cycle in which inadequate sleep contributes to dementia, which in turn makes sleep worse.

Nonetheless, I usually find myself going to bed later than I intend. Squeezing in a full day of doctoring, parenting, exercising, cooking and sitting down for a family dinner feels worth it to me. These wedged-in activities reduce my sleep quota, but are also proven to help sustain a healthy body and sound mind.

Hippocrates himself wrote: “Both sleep and insomnolency, when immoderate, are bad.” It turns out this warning about too little and too much sleep holds up surprisingly well in the modern scientific literature over 2,000 years later.

As a family physician, I must balance biological, psychological and social considerations when I care for patients. Here’s what I tell them: Aim for seven hours, accept that some people need more or less to feel rested, be compassionate with yourself about sleep failures and realize that there are times when it’s worth it to shoehorn in a bit more conscious life from a day.

Ryan McCormick is a family doctor who writes about health and medicine in his newsletter 

Futbol: Spain 🇪🇸 2 v Belgium 🇧🇪 1 quarter final


Pelé noted that harder victories bring greater happiness.


So Spain is playing next against France 


 Spain v Belgium quarter final

Spain must get past Belgium to set up a salivating semi-final against France as the World Cup reaches its pointy end.

At the spectacular SoFi Stadium in Los Angeles, the Belgians face the daunting task of breaking through a Spanish defence that has yet to concede a goal in the tournament.


Mikel Merino came off the bench and scored the 88th-minute winner as European champions Spain outlasted Belgium 2-1 en route to the 2026 FIFA World Cup semi-finals.

With the match seemingly headed for extra time in Los Angeles on Saturday (AEST), super-sub Merino struck with two minutes of regulation remaining. 🏟️ 


Lamine Yamal is already — if not the best — among the top five of his generation. But for me, he is different. The next 15 to 20 years belong to Lamine, if he wants. If he wants them, they are his.” 

Lamine Yamal Nasraoui Ebana






Friday, July 10, 2026

India charges eight in fraud spoofing Coinbase that got $20 million

 


International law enforcement effort shuts down crypto money laundering service that handled $390 million in funds from ransomware attacks; a Ukrainian and a Russian arrested in the country of Georgia
 
HHS releases federal action plan and campaign to protect older Americans
  • Improve reporting; better coordination; work better with banks, etc.
  •  plan itself here
Treasury’s FINcen releases new guidance that allows more and better sharing of information about Fraud and money laundering
 

Fraud Studies: Here are links to the studies I’ve written for the Better Business Bureau: puppy fraudromance fraud; BEC fraudsweepstakes/lottery fraud,  tech support fraudromance fraud money mulescrooked movers, government impostersonline vehicle sale scamsrental fraud, gift cards,  free trial offer frauds,  job scams,  online shopping fraud,  fake check fraud and crypto scams
 
Fraud News Around the worldHumor FTC and CFPBBEC FraudArtificial IntelligenceBenefit TheftScam CompoundsBitcoin and Crypto FraudRansomware and data breachesATM Skimming                                                       Romance Fraud and Sextortion 

International effort takes down disrupts three families of malware
  • US, UK, Canada, Denmark, Germany Netherlands partner with Microsoft
  • $47 million money identified
  • takes down 327 servers
  • Malware, often targeting Wordpress, resolved
  • Also takes down botnet used by groups
ID Theft Resource Center releases 2026 report on trends
  • Increase in scams taking over devices now 27% of reports
  • Most common scam in stealing identities are scams claiming a problem with your online account or a "security" issue
  • Second is job scams; lottery and prize scams third
DOJ charges 455 people, including 90 doctors, with healthcare fraud across the US that cost $6.5 billion


Fraud Studies: Here are links to the studies I’ve written for the Better Business Bureau: puppy fraudromance fraud; BEC fraudsweepstakes/lottery fraud,  tech support fraudromance fraud money mulescrooked movers, government impostersonline vehicle sale scamsrental fraud, gift cards,  free trial offer frauds,  job scams,  online shopping fraud,  fake check fraud and crypto scams
 
Fraud News Around the worldHumorFTC and CFPBBenefit TheftScam CompoundsBitcoin and Crypto FraudRansomware and data breachesATM Skimming                                                       Romance Fraud and Sextortion 

AAMBRA - Best Mate under the Sun


A 120-year-old, heritage-listed Rose Bay church that’s been dormant for ten years is now home to Aambra – a restaurantspotlighting the ancient cooking traditions of the Levant, a region in the Eastern Mediterranean that includes Lebanon, Jordan, Cyprus and Egypt (and more). It’s been a project more than three years in the making by owner Cristian Gorgees (also behind Emu Hall Bar & Kitchen), who hopes to showcase lesser-known flavours to Sydneysiders while paying respects to the building’s heritage.

Executive Chef Gianluca Lonati and Owner Cristian Gorgees

Executive chef Gianluca Lonati boasts more than 20 years’ experience with stints in Italy, England and, most recently, Nour in Surry Hills. His dishes are bold, vibrantly flavoured and devoutly seasonal. Raw beef spiced with baharat, Moreton Bay bug with daggah ghazzawiyah (tomato and dill salsa), grilled whole blue grouper with tamarind – it’s enough to make a believer out of anyone. Just pray you get a table.​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​

Aambra is a Levantine restaurant set inside a beautifully restored 120 year old church in Rose Bay.



Maria’s and Lidka’s Slavic Salad(t)ka is a traditional side dish famous for its creamy, tangy, and crunchy taste. … finely diced root vegetables, hard-boiled eggs, and fermented pickles tossed in a mayonnaise & mustard sauce. It is a staple at Slovak & Polish festive tables and summer gatherings …


Ach the good old tastes


Jordan Harper’s new novel proves noir can still channel the crises and neuroses of the moment.

(Like many places DownUnder,) Los Angeles has had a rough couple of years. Fires have destroyed entire neighborhoods, the Hollywood streaming boom is going bustICE raids have torn through neighborhoods, and the city was subjected to an airborne toxic event; the vibes are so bad that a reality-TV villainalmost made the mayoral primary. Such crises and anxieties are not exactly new; darkness has always lurked under the bright L.A. sun. People far beyond Southern California know this, in part, because of the homegrown literary genre known as noir.

Contemporary readers might consign this hard-boiled brand of thriller to the 1940s—a time of seduction and secrets when Raymond Chandler’s Philip Marlowe stalked the mean streets, neither tarnished nor afraid. But the genre’s origins aren’t so straightforward. The literary tradition goes back at least a decade earlier, to when Chandler, Dashiell Hammett, and James M. Cain published stories in 1930s magazines. Then came the classic novels, followed by black-and-white film adaptations that filtered the books’ existential themes through plays of light and shadow, while doubling down on their sex, tawdriness, and cruelty. After World War II, French film critics saw them in a flash and called them noir. Named in France, the form is a cultural ouroboros orbiting L.A.

Because many of the societal ills probed by those artists—corruption, inequality, Hollywood exploitation—haven’t gone away, noir can still thrive in the hands of writers with the talent and savvy to make it feel contemporary. At its best, the genre makes room for perpetual innovation; at its worst, it can slide into kitsch. Sometimes this happens with the same author: Take, for instance, the L.A. Confidential author, James Ellroy, who revived noir in the 1980s but has lately had trouble keeping up.


Jordan Harper, a Los Angeles writer influenced by Ellroy, has published a new novel that far surpasses Ellroy’s latest. The title of Harper’s fourth thriller, A Violent Masterpiece, is brazen but not inaccurate. In some ways the novel is a classic L.A. noir, with three characters confronting secretive forces that run the city. At the same time, it is a vivifying refresh, with ripped-from-the-headlines villains. A powerful pedophile dies in jail; is it really suicide? A handsome actor has a cannibalism fetish. A prominent doctor somehow gets away with heavy drug use and carrying on with much younger women. Some readers will immediately think of real-life analogues; many more will recognize the contemporary flavor of corruption.

These tabloid antiheroes are just a few of the many men (almost all men) who tap the services of Sub Rosa, a high-end concierge service for drugs, sex workers, and other illicitries. Among its employees is one key protagonist, Kara Delgado. She’s in charge of setting up an orgy at an empty former nunnery, which is stuck in legal limbo as a pop star is trying to buy it. In addition to hiring the dancers and the DJ, Kara is ordering the drugs and the sexual accoutrements. She is basically satisfied with her job; she’s also self-medicating, a lot. Once, running to work, she thinks she’s got her personal cocktail of pharmaceuticals just right: “They solved her like a Rubik’s Cube. The world is a TV set. She is the shimmering pixels on the surface of the screen. She can feel the glow in each of her cells.” Kara is probably a little too high to do data entry, but at the moment her job involves tracking down a wayward actor in a private club, so she’ll fit right in.

One important—maybe the most important—thing about noir is that it can’t get by on plot alone. Almost every page of A Violent Masterpiece has a spark and crackle of language, detail, idea. Kara’s druggy observations are laced with beauty. And Harper could simply have introduced his second protagonist, Doug Gibson, as a defense lawyer whose marriage is floundering. But he describes the trouble this way: Gibson “can still see the argument they should have had but didn’t, floating in the air like dust motes.” With a solo practice in Little Tokyo and bus-stop ads across the city, Gibson refers to himself as the knife his clients bring to a gunfight.

The third main character, a livestreamer named Jake Deal, cruises the night looking for chaos while narrating to his audience. “We are America dreaming itself. We’re a fractal of fortunes and crimes, fortunes and crimes. We’re cars and guns and land grabs and tacos, money and movies and big tits and death, all served under a dirty sky,” he says, while pulling up to the site of a shooting. “LA is America with no place left to run. LA is America with its back against the wall.” A dark philosopher behind the wheel, a Weegee for the Housewives era, he frames the story and speeds it forward.

The novel begins with Jake driving to the scene of a young rapper’s death. Having gotten the first and most gruesome snapshots, he sells them to his old employer, the sleazy celebrity-news outlet Truth or Dare (think TMZ). His former boss tips him off to a contract gig: For a chunky fee, he’ll get dirty pictures of a few powerful men doing bad things and upload it to a super-ultra-secret online repository. Meanwhile, Gibson is pulled out of his routine by a recently jailed Hollywood producer desperate enough to put a bus-stop-ad lawyer on retainer. Kara, for her part, is crashing out on drugs and takeout because her friend is missing and she fears that a serial killer is responsible. Of course, these three storylines are destined to converge.

As Harper accelerates the plot, modern-day Los Angeles comes into sharp focus. Gibson meets a contact in “Monterey Park, another strip mall: Sichuan hot pots, dance halls, seafood markets, this boba shop.” Kara, waiting for a delivery, thinks, “The alley behind the events center is gorgeously cool. Palm trees placed against the night sky just so. In Santa Monica even the alleys are clean.” Jake, after leaving a crime scene, “tilts the dashcam to catch a line of taco stands on the wide sidewalks in front of Target, lines snaking, gusts of smoke washing over the crowd from carne asada grills and a blazing trompo.”


Gibson has an unhoused client who lives in MacArthur Park, the site of a notorious tent city not far from downtown. Traveling between that ad hoc, impoverished community and his normal life—catered parties, a modern farmhouse-style home in the Valley—he’s not unaffected. “Call it the LA Bends—going up and down in the city too fast puts bubbles in your blood.” While at the park, he’s caught in a police sweep and counterprotest that turns violent; one protester’s eye is liquefied. I’m probably not the only reader who thought of a recent incident during a protest in the city, when a Homeland Security officer shot a student journalist with a projectile, resulting in the loss of an eye.

On a recent podcast, Harper said that he wrote that scene long before the real-life incident. He was merely doing what any good writer does: paying attention to life on the ground, and then imagining their characters into it. This isn’t prescience, but rather a deep sensitivity to what’s going on—and where.

In that same interview, Harper said that he took his novel’s three-character structure—a smart way to build momentum and tension—from Ellroy’s major novels, including L.A. Confidential. Ellroy rebooted L.A. noir by laying out Hollywood conspiracies and dirty cops with fearless, brutal language and proving that the genre wasn’t bound by classic noir conventions. But his latest novel, in its shortcomings, only strengthens the case that noir will stagnate if it isn’t perpetually refreshed by new generations.

By Ellroy, James

In Red Sheet, which is set, like most of his novels, in mid-century Los Angeles, Ellroy abandons the three-character structure in favor of a single narrative voice that clamps down hard. (Full disclosure: More than a decade ago, I interviewed Ellroy twice during special events, after which he sent two dozen roses to my office at the Los Angeles Times; I had to call his assistant to explain that this was not okay.) His earlier novels wove together the stories of people who held outsize power, especially the police, and those, such as sex workers, who had none. In more recent work, he’s resorted to pulling in marquee historical figures to juice the story. This book includes Richard Nixon and Hugh Hefner; his last one, The Enchanters, featured Marilyn Monroe, Robert F. Kennedy, and John F. Kennedy.

This is Ellroy’s third novel narrated by Freddy Otash. Otash was a real person, a fixer in postwar L.A. Ellroy’s fictional, bearlike Otash is unburdened by a conscience, sometimes carries a badge, and employs a photographic-memory technique developed by a Nazi. He leads a crew of police thugs and works with Daryl Gates (the future LAPD chief, who would resign in ignominy after the 1992 Rodney King riots). Across more than 500 pages, the book covers just two months at the end of 1962. To fill in the story, Ellroy has convoluted the facts of history: A key counterfactual in Red Sheet is the idea that American Communists were secretly aligned against the civil-rights movement.

Breaking my cardinal rule for noir, Ellroy tries to get by on plot alone. The reader has very little sense of the day or time, and characters have little interiority. Many descriptive phrases recur no matter who is speaking, which makes the author’s prose feel like a fire hose aimed at the reader. The plot itself starts to fall apart in the end. What’s more, aside from a few swinging-’60s hotel rooms, the texture of Los Angeles is almost completely absent.


Ellroy’s breakthrough novel, The Black Dahlia, published in 1987, brought new life to a somewhat-tired literary form—or one that had been surpassed by a noir resurgence in film. Think of Robert Altman’s full-color, updated version of Chandler’s The Long Goodbye, in 1973, and Roman Polanski’s retro, abject Chinatown, the following year. Both, significantly, are set in Los Angeles. The Long Goodbye is full of glamorous hippies, with the actor Sterling Hayden (a veteran of the earlier noir era) surveying his domain on the beach in Malibu. In the 1937-set Chinatown, Jack Nicholson’s Jake Gittes starts out following a philanderer and finds himself investigating a real-estate and water-rights conspiracy. Ellroy’s L.A. Confidential, is, similarly, an exemplar of retro noir.

This earlier generation was more closely tied to the past, but noir doesn’t have to stay there. Harper distinguishes himself by looking forward, although he is not alone. Writers such as Steph Cha, Ivy Pochoda, and Gary Phillips are also bringing today’s Los Angeles, in all of its awful, beautiful chaos, to life on the page. The newsiness of the crimes in A Violent Masterpiece makes it feel contemporary, but the look and feel of the city—seen, so often, from behind the windshield of a car—also makes the novel a robust story of place. Noir thrives on style, on sensibility, and on situated-ness. Sure, there are bits of classic Ellroy here: chopped sentences, words italicized for emphasis. Harper has incorporated these tropes in Jake’s narration, and it reads both old and new. The old, in this case, is peak Ellroy.

Harper and his Angeleno peers show how noir in any setting can work in this century, a time of rampant corruption, outsize villains, and morality turned inside out. While Ellroy spins his wheels, a new generation is taking Chandler’s path: walking down today’s mean streets and writing down everything they see.